week1/Home_work1.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "id": "5fed6507",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import pandas as pd \n",
    "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt \n",
    "from sklearn.feature_extraction import DictVectorizer\n",
    "from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression\n",
    "from sklearn.linear_model import Lasso\n",
    "from sklearn.linear_model import Ridge\n",
    "\n",
    "from sklearn.metrics import mean_squared_error\n",
    "import seaborn as sns \n",
    "\n",
    "%matplotlib inline\n",
    "\n",
    "import pickle\n",
    "import numpy as np"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "id": "d9deb20a",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "df = pd.read_parquet('./data/yellow_tripdata_2022-01.parquet')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "id": "b4dfcbd9",
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>VendorID</th>\n",
       "      <th>tpep_pickup_datetime</th>\n",
       "      <th>tpep_dropoff_datetime</th>\n",
       "      <th>passenger_count</th>\n",
       "      <th>trip_distance</th>\n",
       "      <th>RatecodeID</th>\n",
       "      <th>store_and_fwd_flag</th>\n",
       "      <th>PULocationID</th>\n",
       "      <th>DOLocationID</th>\n",
       "      <th>payment_type</th>\n",
       "      <th>fare_amount</th>\n",
       "      <th>extra</th>\n",
       "      <th>mta_tax</th>\n",
       "      <th>tip_amount</th>\n",
       "      <th>tolls_amount</th>\n",
       "      <th>improvement_surcharge</th>\n",
       "      <th>total_amount</th>\n",
       "      <th>congestion_surcharge</th>\n",
       "      <th>airport_fee</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-01-01 00:35:40</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-01-01 00:53:29</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.80</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>N</td>\n",
       "      <td>142</td>\n",
       "      <td>236</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>14.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.65</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>21.95</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-01-01 00:33:43</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-01-01 00:42:07</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.10</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>N</td>\n",
       "      <td>236</td>\n",
       "      <td>42</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>8.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>13.30</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-01-01 00:53:21</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-01-01 01:02:19</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.97</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>N</td>\n",
       "      <td>166</td>\n",
       "      <td>166</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>7.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.76</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.56</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-01-01 00:25:21</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-01-01 00:35:23</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.09</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>N</td>\n",
       "      <td>114</td>\n",
       "      <td>68</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>8.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>11.80</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-01-01 00:36:48</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-01-01 01:14:20</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.30</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>N</td>\n",
       "      <td>68</td>\n",
       "      <td>163</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>23.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>30.30</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "   VendorID tpep_pickup_datetime tpep_dropoff_datetime  passenger_count  \\\n",
       "0         1  2022-01-01 00:35:40   2022-01-01 00:53:29              2.0   \n",
       "1         1  2022-01-01 00:33:43   2022-01-01 00:42:07              1.0   \n",
       "2         2  2022-01-01 00:53:21   2022-01-01 01:02:19              1.0   \n",
       "3         2  2022-01-01 00:25:21   2022-01-01 00:35:23              1.0   \n",
       "4         2  2022-01-01 00:36:48   2022-01-01 01:14:20              1.0   \n",
       "\n",
       "   trip_distance  RatecodeID store_and_fwd_flag  PULocationID  DOLocationID  \\\n",
       "0           3.80         1.0                  N           142           236   \n",
       "1           2.10         1.0                  N           236            42   \n",
       "2           0.97         1.0                  N           166           166   \n",
       "3           1.09         1.0                  N           114            68   \n",
       "4           4.30         1.0                  N            68           163   \n",
       "\n",
       "   payment_type  fare_amount  extra  mta_tax  tip_amount  tolls_amount  \\\n",
       "0             1         14.5    3.0      0.5        3.65           0.0   \n",
       "1             1          8.0    0.5      0.5        4.00           0.0   \n",
       "2             1          7.5    0.5      0.5        1.76           0.0   \n",
       "3             2          8.0    0.5      0.5        0.00           0.0   \n",
       "4             1         23.5    0.5      0.5        3.00           0.0   \n",
       "\n",
       "   improvement_surcharge  total_amount  congestion_surcharge  airport_fee  \n",
       "0                    0.3         21.95                   2.5          0.0  \n",
       "1                    0.3         13.30                   0.0          0.0  \n",
       "2                    0.3         10.56                   0.0          0.0  \n",
       "3                    0.3         11.80                   2.5          0.0  \n",
       "4                    0.3         30.30                   2.5          0.0  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "09cb32b3",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Q1. Downloading the data\n",
    "We'll use the same NYC taxi dataset, but instead of \"Green Taxi Trip Records\", we'll use \"Yellow Taxi Trip Records\".\n",
    "\n",
    "Download the data for January and February 2022.\n",
    "\n",
    "Read the data for January. How many columns are there?\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "id": "19795e7d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "19"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 5,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "len(df.columns)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "id": "9831c410",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "df['duration'] = df.tpep_dropoff_datetime - df.tpep_pickup_datetime "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "id": "e68381ff",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "df.duration = df.duration.apply(lambda td: td.total_seconds() / 60)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "58db9ea4",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Q2. Computing duration\n",
    "Now let's compute the duration variable. It should contain the duration of a ride in minutes.\n",
    "\n",
    "What's the standard deviation of the trips duration in January?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "id": "14736ae3",
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "46.44530513776802"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 13,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.duration.std()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "id": "e457aed1",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(2463931, 20)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 14,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.shape"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "f9d69164",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Q3. Dropping outliers\n",
    "Next, we need to check the distribution of the duration variable. There are some outliers. Let's remove them and keep only the records where the duration was between 1 and 60 minutes (inclusive).\n",
    "\n",
    "What fraction of the records left after you dropped the outliers?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "id": "be0a9984",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "14.212202918831741"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 15,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.duration.mean()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "id": "ee522704",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "df1 = df[(df.duration >= 1) & (df.duration <= 60)]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "id": "cbc33167",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "98.27547930522405"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 17,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "(len(df1) / len(df)) * 100 "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "ac227901",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Q4. One-hot encoding\n",
    "Let's apply one-hot encoding to the pickup and dropoff location IDs. We'll use only these two features for our model.\n",
    "\n",
    "Turn the dataframe into a list of dictionaries\n",
    "Fit a dictionary vectorizer\n",
    "Get a feature matrix from it\n",
    "What's the dimensionality of this matrix (number of columns)?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "id": "5cf95e63",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stderr",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "/home/manthan/.local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pandas/core/frame.py:3188: SettingWithCopyWarning: \n",
      "A value is trying to be set on a copy of a slice from a DataFrame.\n",
      "Try using .loc[row_indexer,col_indexer] = value instead\n",
      "\n",
      "See the caveats in the documentation: https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/user_guide/indexing.html#returning-a-view-versus-a-copy\n",
      "  self[k1] = value[k2]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "categorical = ['PULocationID', 'DOLocationID']\n",
    "df1[categorical] = df[categorical].astype(str)\n",
    "\n",
    "train_dicts = df1[categorical].to_dict(orient='records')\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "id": "cf77aa0a",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[{'PULocationID': '142', 'DOLocationID': '236'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '236', 'DOLocationID': '42'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '166', 'DOLocationID': '166'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '114', 'DOLocationID': '68'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '68', 'DOLocationID': '163'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '138', 'DOLocationID': '161'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '233', 'DOLocationID': '87'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '238', 'DOLocationID': '152'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '166', 'DOLocationID': '236'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '236', 'DOLocationID': '141'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '141', 'DOLocationID': '229'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '114', 'DOLocationID': '90'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '234', 'DOLocationID': '113'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '246', 'DOLocationID': '79'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '43', 'DOLocationID': '140'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '239', 'DOLocationID': '151'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '148', 'DOLocationID': '141'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '237', 'DOLocationID': '107'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '7', 'DOLocationID': '7'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '107', 'DOLocationID': '263'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '263', 'DOLocationID': '107'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '161', 'DOLocationID': '161'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '161', 'DOLocationID': '43'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '239', 'DOLocationID': '24'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '239', 'DOLocationID': '263'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '246', 'DOLocationID': '233'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '79', 'DOLocationID': '238'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '170', 'DOLocationID': '238'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '138', 'DOLocationID': '48'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '237', 'DOLocationID': '237'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '233', 'DOLocationID': '238'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '162', 'DOLocationID': '249'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '114', 'DOLocationID': '186'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '138', 'DOLocationID': '92'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '138', 'DOLocationID': '229'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '4', 'DOLocationID': '262'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '262', 'DOLocationID': '249'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '249', 'DOLocationID': '90'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '132', 'DOLocationID': '170'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '170', 'DOLocationID': '74'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '132', 'DOLocationID': '10'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '132', 'DOLocationID': '263'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '138', 'DOLocationID': '112'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '137', 'DOLocationID': '4'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '79', 'DOLocationID': '249'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '90', 'DOLocationID': '45'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '45', 'DOLocationID': '141'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '70', 'DOLocationID': '236'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '132', 'DOLocationID': '148'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '132', 'DOLocationID': '47'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '48', 'DOLocationID': '48'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '48', 'DOLocationID': '79'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '107', 'DOLocationID': '87'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '90', 'DOLocationID': '262'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '137', 'DOLocationID': '140'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '161', 'DOLocationID': '79'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '68', 'DOLocationID': '238'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '263', 'DOLocationID': '140'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '161', 'DOLocationID': '142'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '162', 'DOLocationID': '238'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '211', 'DOLocationID': '170'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '113', 'DOLocationID': '79'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '164', 'DOLocationID': '137'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '233', 'DOLocationID': '140'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '237', 'DOLocationID': '233'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '263', 'DOLocationID': '262'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '237', 'DOLocationID': '236'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '236', 'DOLocationID': '262'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '262', 'DOLocationID': '141'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '141', 'DOLocationID': '229'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '43', 'DOLocationID': '246'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '68', 'DOLocationID': '41'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '170', 'DOLocationID': '36'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '50', 'DOLocationID': '151'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '238', 'DOLocationID': '239'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '132', 'DOLocationID': '236'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '249', 'DOLocationID': '107'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '107', 'DOLocationID': '141'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '50', 'DOLocationID': '79'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '79', 'DOLocationID': '148'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '148', 'DOLocationID': '148'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '148', 'DOLocationID': '45'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '238', 'DOLocationID': '168'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '239', 'DOLocationID': '48'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '166', 'DOLocationID': '238'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '239', 'DOLocationID': '243'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '166', 'DOLocationID': '238'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '238', 'DOLocationID': '262'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '132', 'DOLocationID': '61'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '263', 'DOLocationID': '141'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '132', 'DOLocationID': '112'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '263', 'DOLocationID': '233'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '233', 'DOLocationID': '7'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '142', 'DOLocationID': '238'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '239', 'DOLocationID': '238'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '238', 'DOLocationID': '153'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '233', 'DOLocationID': '229'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '233', 'DOLocationID': '137'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '170', 'DOLocationID': '229'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '141', 'DOLocationID': '231'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '132', 'DOLocationID': '139'},\n",
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       " {'PULocationID': '162', 'DOLocationID': '141'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '263', 'DOLocationID': '7'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '7', 'DOLocationID': '146'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '132', 'DOLocationID': '129'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '132', 'DOLocationID': '39'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '249', 'DOLocationID': '158'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '249', 'DOLocationID': '233'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '236', 'DOLocationID': '125'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '231', 'DOLocationID': '90'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '132', 'DOLocationID': '249'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '231', 'DOLocationID': '231'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '144', 'DOLocationID': '113'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '113', 'DOLocationID': '90'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '13', 'DOLocationID': '97'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '231', 'DOLocationID': '79'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '263', 'DOLocationID': '236'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '43', 'DOLocationID': '237'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '263', 'DOLocationID': '141'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '141', 'DOLocationID': '142'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '249', 'DOLocationID': '79'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '79', 'DOLocationID': '90'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '68', 'DOLocationID': '163'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '237', 'DOLocationID': '262'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '237', 'DOLocationID': '236'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '236', 'DOLocationID': '151'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '107', 'DOLocationID': '244'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '237', 'DOLocationID': '262'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '140', 'DOLocationID': '143'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '239', 'DOLocationID': '236'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '236', 'DOLocationID': '75'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '107', 'DOLocationID': '79'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '137', 'DOLocationID': '226'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '246', 'DOLocationID': '170'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '148', 'DOLocationID': '79'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '148', 'DOLocationID': '79'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '141', 'DOLocationID': '137'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '170', 'DOLocationID': '263'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '237', 'DOLocationID': '236'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '229', 'DOLocationID': '164'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '164', 'DOLocationID': '229'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '229', 'DOLocationID': '238'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '238', 'DOLocationID': '143'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '148', 'DOLocationID': '107'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '79', 'DOLocationID': '263'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '263', 'DOLocationID': '164'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '164', 'DOLocationID': '107'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '68', 'DOLocationID': '170'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '234', 'DOLocationID': '125'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '114', 'DOLocationID': '107'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '107', 'DOLocationID': '141'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '237', 'DOLocationID': '141'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '163', 'DOLocationID': '239'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '239', 'DOLocationID': '48'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '50', 'DOLocationID': '142'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '43', 'DOLocationID': '263'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '141', 'DOLocationID': '107'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '234', 'DOLocationID': '141'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '211', 'DOLocationID': '141'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '263', 'DOLocationID': '263'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '114', 'DOLocationID': '68'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '239', 'DOLocationID': '143'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '132', 'DOLocationID': '145'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '48', 'DOLocationID': '148'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '79', 'DOLocationID': '79'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '224', 'DOLocationID': '68'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '48', 'DOLocationID': '114'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '114', 'DOLocationID': '140'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '170', 'DOLocationID': '7'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '113', 'DOLocationID': '13'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '114', 'DOLocationID': '41'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '229', 'DOLocationID': '80'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '144', 'DOLocationID': '229'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '79', 'DOLocationID': '237'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '132', 'DOLocationID': '39'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '234', 'DOLocationID': '33'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '66', 'DOLocationID': '162'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '43', 'DOLocationID': '262'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '262', 'DOLocationID': '48'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '162', 'DOLocationID': '233'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '107', 'DOLocationID': '237'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '237', 'DOLocationID': '236'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '236', 'DOLocationID': '75'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '262', 'DOLocationID': '181'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '50', 'DOLocationID': '68'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '48', 'DOLocationID': '90'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '164', 'DOLocationID': '79'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '239', 'DOLocationID': '141'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '237', 'DOLocationID': '236'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '236', 'DOLocationID': '236'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '43', 'DOLocationID': '143'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '79', 'DOLocationID': '48'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '50', 'DOLocationID': '151'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '229', 'DOLocationID': '202'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '132', 'DOLocationID': '196'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '48', 'DOLocationID': '142'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '238', 'DOLocationID': '142'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '142', 'DOLocationID': '143'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '260', 'DOLocationID': '198'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '164', 'DOLocationID': '37'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '114', 'DOLocationID': '231'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '209', 'DOLocationID': '87'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '87', 'DOLocationID': '233'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '148', 'DOLocationID': '79'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '79', 'DOLocationID': '229'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '229', 'DOLocationID': '263'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '114', 'DOLocationID': '113'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '79', 'DOLocationID': '234'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '90', 'DOLocationID': '50'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '113', 'DOLocationID': '7'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '229', 'DOLocationID': '88'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '237', 'DOLocationID': '229'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '162', 'DOLocationID': '37'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '138', 'DOLocationID': '262'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '262', 'DOLocationID': '79'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '79', 'DOLocationID': '224'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '79', 'DOLocationID': '140'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '262', 'DOLocationID': '236'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '162', 'DOLocationID': '238'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '162', 'DOLocationID': '262'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '50', 'DOLocationID': '140'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '114', 'DOLocationID': '148'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '148', 'DOLocationID': '50'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '138', 'DOLocationID': '141'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '141', 'DOLocationID': '229'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '237', 'DOLocationID': '236'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '236', 'DOLocationID': '236'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '141', 'DOLocationID': '107'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '132', 'DOLocationID': '243'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '231', 'DOLocationID': '49'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '142', 'DOLocationID': '143'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '142', 'DOLocationID': '238'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '263', 'DOLocationID': '146'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '162', 'DOLocationID': '238'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '238', 'DOLocationID': '263'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '263', 'DOLocationID': '229'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '79', 'DOLocationID': '137'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '170', 'DOLocationID': '162'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '237', 'DOLocationID': '238'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '239', 'DOLocationID': '142'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '229', 'DOLocationID': '33'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '65', 'DOLocationID': '181'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '181', 'DOLocationID': '106'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '195', 'DOLocationID': '74'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '238', 'DOLocationID': '236'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '114', 'DOLocationID': '13'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '261', 'DOLocationID': '68'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '68', 'DOLocationID': '40'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '237', 'DOLocationID': '43'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '237', 'DOLocationID': '75'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '237', 'DOLocationID': '137'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '239', 'DOLocationID': '238'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '239', 'DOLocationID': '24'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '151', 'DOLocationID': '262'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '142', 'DOLocationID': '68'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '68', 'DOLocationID': '50'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '50', 'DOLocationID': '24'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '246', 'DOLocationID': '90'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '90', 'DOLocationID': '68'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '249', 'DOLocationID': '256'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '238', 'DOLocationID': '186'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '186', 'DOLocationID': '234'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '234', 'DOLocationID': '163'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '234', 'DOLocationID': '79'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '234', 'DOLocationID': '246'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '246', 'DOLocationID': '137'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '246', 'DOLocationID': '140'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '140', 'DOLocationID': '141'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '229', 'DOLocationID': '170'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '170', 'DOLocationID': '61'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '170', 'DOLocationID': '61'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '238', 'DOLocationID': '263'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '142', 'DOLocationID': '186'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '186', 'DOLocationID': '68'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '170', 'DOLocationID': '79'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '79', 'DOLocationID': '79'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '113', 'DOLocationID': '79'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '107', 'DOLocationID': '231'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '158', 'DOLocationID': '137'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '234', 'DOLocationID': '137'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '234', 'DOLocationID': '113'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '90', 'DOLocationID': '164'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '237', 'DOLocationID': '7'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '163', 'DOLocationID': '79'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '237', 'DOLocationID': '249'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '239', 'DOLocationID': '226'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '238', 'DOLocationID': '166'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '24', 'DOLocationID': '239'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '143', 'DOLocationID': '233'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '79', 'DOLocationID': '79'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '50', 'DOLocationID': '107'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '107', 'DOLocationID': '249'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '113', 'DOLocationID': '141'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '79', 'DOLocationID': '148'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '232', 'DOLocationID': '236'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '236', 'DOLocationID': '162'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '114', 'DOLocationID': '231'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '231', 'DOLocationID': '237'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '70', 'DOLocationID': '49'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '132', 'DOLocationID': '241'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '163', 'DOLocationID': '148'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '79', 'DOLocationID': '66'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '132', 'DOLocationID': '63'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '249', 'DOLocationID': '114'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '114', 'DOLocationID': '79'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '246', 'DOLocationID': '41'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '142', 'DOLocationID': '151'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '237', 'DOLocationID': '234'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '138', 'DOLocationID': '56'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '148', 'DOLocationID': '233'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '170', 'DOLocationID': '163'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '148', 'DOLocationID': '179'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '233', 'DOLocationID': '233'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '142', 'DOLocationID': '141'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '43', 'DOLocationID': '229'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '262', 'DOLocationID': '236'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '263', 'DOLocationID': '237'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '236', 'DOLocationID': '141'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '237', 'DOLocationID': '249'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '107', 'DOLocationID': '162'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '162', 'DOLocationID': '141'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '246', 'DOLocationID': '231'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '125', 'DOLocationID': '87'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '148', 'DOLocationID': '102'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '233', 'DOLocationID': '87'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '261', 'DOLocationID': '255'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '79', 'DOLocationID': '170'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '79', 'DOLocationID': '233'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '107', 'DOLocationID': '107'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '164', 'DOLocationID': '249'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '158', 'DOLocationID': '224'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '239', 'DOLocationID': '229'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '170', 'DOLocationID': '45'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '237', 'DOLocationID': '142'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '142', 'DOLocationID': '233'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '163', 'DOLocationID': '162'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '186', 'DOLocationID': '142'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '141', 'DOLocationID': '173'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '79', 'DOLocationID': '233'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '170', 'DOLocationID': '79'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '107', 'DOLocationID': '166'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '237', 'DOLocationID': '164'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '107', 'DOLocationID': '229'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '234', 'DOLocationID': '170'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '132', 'DOLocationID': '61'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '236', 'DOLocationID': '237'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '262', 'DOLocationID': '142'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '142', 'DOLocationID': '169'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '238', 'DOLocationID': '231'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '142', 'DOLocationID': '50'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '68', 'DOLocationID': '48'},\n",
       " {'PULocationID': '48', 'DOLocationID': '166'},\n",
       " ...]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 19,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "train_dicts"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "id": "f72b470b",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "dv = DictVectorizer()\n",
    "X_train = dv.fit_transform(train_dicts)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "id": "23ad9e96",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(2421440, 515)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 21,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "X_train.shape"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "id": "a462ba7f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def read_dataframe(filename):\n",
    "    if filename.endswith('.csv'):\n",
    "        df = pd.read_csv(filename)\n",
    "\n",
    "        df.lpep_dropoff_datetime = pd.to_datetime(df.lpep_dropoff_datetime)\n",
    "        df.lpep_pickup_datetime = pd.to_datetime(df.lpep_pickup_datetime)\n",
    "    elif filename.endswith('.parquet'):\n",
    "        df = pd.read_parquet(filename)\n",
    "\n",
    "    df['duration'] = df.tpep_dropoff_datetime - df.tpep_pickup_datetime\n",
    "    df.duration = df.duration.apply(lambda td: td.total_seconds() / 60)\n",
    "\n",
    "    df = df[(df.duration >= 1) & (df.duration <= 60)]\n",
    "\n",
    "    categorical = ['PULocationID', 'DOLocationID']\n",
    "    df[categorical] = df[categorical].astype(str)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    return df"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "id": "abf878c7",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "df_train = read_dataframe('./data/yellow_tripdata_2022-01.parquet')\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "id": "ecf98211",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>VendorID</th>\n",
       "      <th>tpep_pickup_datetime</th>\n",
       "      <th>tpep_dropoff_datetime</th>\n",
       "      <th>passenger_count</th>\n",
       "      <th>trip_distance</th>\n",
       "      <th>RatecodeID</th>\n",
       "      <th>store_and_fwd_flag</th>\n",
       "      <th>PULocationID</th>\n",
       "      <th>DOLocationID</th>\n",
       "      <th>payment_type</th>\n",
       "      <th>fare_amount</th>\n",
       "      <th>extra</th>\n",
       "      <th>mta_tax</th>\n",
       "      <th>tip_amount</th>\n",
       "      <th>tolls_amount</th>\n",
       "      <th>improvement_surcharge</th>\n",
       "      <th>total_amount</th>\n",
       "      <th>congestion_surcharge</th>\n",
       "      <th>airport_fee</th>\n",
       "      <th>duration</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-01-01 00:35:40</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-01-01 00:53:29</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.80</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>N</td>\n",
       "      <td>142</td>\n",
       "      <td>236</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>14.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.65</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>21.95</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>17.816667</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-01-01 00:33:43</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-01-01 00:42:07</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.10</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>N</td>\n",
       "      <td>236</td>\n",
       "      <td>42</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>8.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>13.30</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>8.400000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-01-01 00:53:21</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-01-01 01:02:19</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.97</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>N</td>\n",
       "      <td>166</td>\n",
       "      <td>166</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>7.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.76</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.56</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>8.966667</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-01-01 00:25:21</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-01-01 00:35:23</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.09</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>N</td>\n",
       "      <td>114</td>\n",
       "      <td>68</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>8.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>11.80</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.033333</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-01-01 00:36:48</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-01-01 01:14:20</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.30</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>N</td>\n",
       "      <td>68</td>\n",
       "      <td>163</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>23.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>30.30</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>37.533333</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "   VendorID tpep_pickup_datetime tpep_dropoff_datetime  passenger_count  \\\n",
       "0         1  2022-01-01 00:35:40   2022-01-01 00:53:29              2.0   \n",
       "1         1  2022-01-01 00:33:43   2022-01-01 00:42:07              1.0   \n",
       "2         2  2022-01-01 00:53:21   2022-01-01 01:02:19              1.0   \n",
       "3         2  2022-01-01 00:25:21   2022-01-01 00:35:23              1.0   \n",
       "4         2  2022-01-01 00:36:48   2022-01-01 01:14:20              1.0   \n",
       "\n",
       "   trip_distance  RatecodeID store_and_fwd_flag PULocationID DOLocationID  \\\n",
       "0           3.80         1.0                  N          142          236   \n",
       "1           2.10         1.0                  N          236           42   \n",
       "2           0.97         1.0                  N          166          166   \n",
       "3           1.09         1.0                  N          114           68   \n",
       "4           4.30         1.0                  N           68          163   \n",
       "\n",
       "   payment_type  fare_amount  extra  mta_tax  tip_amount  tolls_amount  \\\n",
       "0             1         14.5    3.0      0.5        3.65           0.0   \n",
       "1             1          8.0    0.5      0.5        4.00           0.0   \n",
       "2             1          7.5    0.5      0.5        1.76           0.0   \n",
       "3             2          8.0    0.5      0.5        0.00           0.0   \n",
       "4             1         23.5    0.5      0.5        3.00           0.0   \n",
       "\n",
       "   improvement_surcharge  total_amount  congestion_surcharge  airport_fee  \\\n",
       "0                    0.3         21.95                   2.5          0.0   \n",
       "1                    0.3         13.30                   0.0          0.0   \n",
       "2                    0.3         10.56                   0.0          0.0   \n",
       "3                    0.3         11.80                   2.5          0.0   \n",
       "4                    0.3         30.30                   2.5          0.0   \n",
       "\n",
       "    duration  \n",
       "0  17.816667  \n",
       "1   8.400000  \n",
       "2   8.966667  \n",
       "3  10.033333  \n",
       "4  37.533333  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df_train.head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "id": "25193241",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "df_val = read_dataframe('./data/yellow_tripdata_2022-02.parquet')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "id": "b68e8014",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "categorical = ['PULocationID', 'DOLocationID']#'PULocationID', 'DOLocationID']\n",
    "\n",
    "dv = DictVectorizer()\n",
    "\n",
    "train_dicts = df_train[categorical].to_dict(orient='records')\n",
    "X_train = dv.fit_transform(train_dicts)\n",
    "\n",
    "val_dicts = df_val[categorical].to_dict(orient='records')\n",
    "X_val = dv.transform(val_dicts)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "id": "edda0efc",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(2421440, 515)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 7,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "X_train.shape"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "id": "393a67c8",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "target = 'duration'\n",
    "y_train = df_train[target].values\n",
    "y_val = df_val[target].values"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "32289bae",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Q5. Training a model\n",
    "Now let's use the feature matrix from the previous step to train a model.\n",
    "\n",
    "Train a plain linear regression model with default parameters\n",
    "Calculate the RMSE of the model on the training data\n",
    "What's the RMSE on train?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "id": "008e9241",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "6.986190135971076"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "lr = LinearRegression()\n",
    "lr.fit(X_train, y_train)\n",
    "\n",
    "y_pred = lr.predict(X_train)\n",
    "\n",
    "mean_squared_error(y_train, y_pred, squared=False)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "d1f4135c",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Q6. Evaluating the model\n",
    "Now let's apply this model to the validation dataset (February 2022).\n",
    "\n",
    "What's the RMSE on validation?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "id": "2451a845",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "7.786389478135331"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 9,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "lr = LinearRegression()\n",
    "lr.fit(X_train, y_train)\n",
    "\n",
    "y_pred = lr.predict(X_val)\n",
    "\n",
    "mean_squared_error(y_val, y_pred, squared=False)"
   ]
  }
 ],
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