Port the Clifford and StabilizerState classes to Rust

[ShellyGarion]

What should we add?

This would have two benefits over the current Python code:

• It may make the move of the relevant synthesis code more efficient (see issues Port synth_clifford_full to Rust #12232, Port synth_clifford_ag to Rust #12233, Port synth_clifford_bm to Rust #12234, Port synth_clifford_greedy to Rust #12235, Port synth_clifford_layers to Rust #12236, Port synth_clifford_depth_lnn to Rust #12237, Port synth_stabilizer_layers to Rust #12241, Port synth_stabilizer_depth_lnn to Rust #12242, Port synth_circuit_from_stabilizers to Rust #12243)

• The rust code may be more efficient than Aer's C++ stabilizer simulator, and so it may replace it if needed

[MozammilQ]

@ShellyGarion , Am I allowed to try this one?