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academic-phrases.el
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academic-phrases.el
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;;; academic-phrases.el --- Bypass that mental block when writing your papers. -*- lexical-binding: t -*-
;; Copyright (C) 2017-2018 Nasser Alshammari
;; Author: Nasser Alshammari <designernasser@gmail.com>
;; Version: 0.0.1
;; Package-Requires: ((dash "2.12.0") (s "1.12.0") (ht "2.0") (emacs "24"))
;; Keywords: academic, convenience, papers, writing, wp
;; Homepage: https://github.com/nashamri/academic-phrases
;; This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
;; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
;; (at your option) any later version.
;; This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
;; GNU General Public License for more details.
;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
;; along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
;;; Commentary:
;; When writing your academic paper, you might get stuck trying to find the
;; right phrase that captures your intention. This package tries to alleviate
;; that problem by presenting you with a list of phrases organized by the topic
;; or by the paper section that you are writing. This package has around 600
;; phrases so far.
;; Using this package is easy, just call `M-x academic-phrases` to
;; get a list of phrases organized by topic, or call
;; `academic-phrases-by-section` to browse the phrases by the paper
;; section and fill-in the blanks if required.
;; This work was based on the freely available PDF titled "English
;; for Writing Research - Papers Useful Phrases" which can be found
;; here <https://www.springer.com/gb/book/9783319260921>. This work
;; was done with the kind permission of Springer Nature and Adrian
;; Wallwork.
;;; Code:
(require 'cl-lib)
(require 'dash)
(require 'ht)
(require 's)
(defvar academic-phrases--all-phrases
(ht
(:cat1 (ht (:title "Establishing why your topic X is important")
(:items (list
(ht (:id 1)
(:template "X is the [{1}] cause of ...")
(:choices '(("main" "leading" "primary" "major"))))
(ht (:id 2)
(:template "Xs are a [{1}] part of ...")
(:choices '(("common" "useful" "critical"))))
(ht (:id 3)
(:template "Xs are among the most [{1}] types of ...")
(:choices '(("widely used" "commonly discussed" "well-known" "well-documented" "widespread" "commonly investigated"))))
(ht (:id 4)
(:template "X is [{1}] the most important ...")
(:choices '(("is recognized as being" "believed to be" "widely considered to be"))))
(ht (:id 5)
(:template "It is [{1}] that X is ...")
(:choices '(("well known" "generally accepted" "common knowledge"))))
(ht (:id 6)
(:template "X [{1}] a vital factor in ...")
(:choices '(("is increasingly becoming" "set to become"))))
(ht (:id 7)
(:template "Xs are [{1}] in terms of ...")
(:choices '(("undergoing a revolution" "generating considerable interest"))))
(ht (:id 8)
(:template "Xs are attracting [{1}] interest due to ...")
(:choices '(("considerable" "increasing" "widespread"))))
(ht (:id 9)
(:template "X has many [{1}] in the field of ...")
(:choices '(("uses" "roles" "applications"))))
(ht (:id 10)
(:template "A [{1}] feature of ...")
(:choices '(("striking" "useful" "remarkable"))))
(ht (:id 11)
(:template "The [{1}] characteristics of X are:")
(:choices '(("main" "principal" "fundamental"))))
(ht (:id 12)
(:template "X [{1}] for")
(:choices '(("accounts" "is responsible"))))))))
(:cat2 (ht (:title "Outlining the past-present history of the study of X")
(:items (list
(ht (:id 13)
(:template "Last century X [{1}] the most ...")
(:choices '(("was considered to be" "viewed as" "seen as"))))
(ht (:id 14)
(:template "[{1}] studies of X considered it to be")
(:choices '(("Initial" "Preliminary" "The first"))))
(ht (:id 15)
(:template "[{1}], the focus has always been ...")
(:choices '(("Traditionally X" "In the history of X"))))
(ht (:id 16)
(:template "[{1}] have always seen X as ...")
(:choices '(("Scientists" "Researchers" "Experts"))))
(ht (:id 17)
(:template "[{1}] Xs have been considered as ...")
(:choices '(("Until now" "For many years" "Since 1942"))))
(ht (:id 18)
(:template "X has received much attention in the [{1}] ...")
(:choices '(("last two years" "in the past decade" "over the last two decades"))))
(ht (:id 19)
(:template "[{1}] there has been a rapid rise in the use of Xs")
(:choices '(("For the past five years" "Since 1942"))))
(ht (:id 20)
(:template "The last two years have [{1}] a huge growth in X ...")
(:choices '(("witnessed" "seen"))))
(ht (:id 21)
(:template "The [{1}] has seen a renewed importance in X ...")
(:choices '(("past decade" "last year"))))
(ht (:id 22)
(:template "Recent [{1}] X have led to ...")
(:choices '(("developments in" "findings regarding"))))
(ht (:id 23)
(:template "X has become a [{1}] issue in ...")
(:choices '(("central" "an important" "a critical"))))))))
(:cat3 (ht (:title "Outlining the possible future of X")
(:items (list
(ht (:id 24)
(:template "The next decade is likely to [{1}] a considerable rise in X")
(:choices '(("see" "witness"))))
(ht (:id 25)
(:template "In the next few years X [{1}]")
(:choices '(("will become" "is likely to have become"))))
(ht (:id 26)
(:template "Within the next few years, X is [{1}] to become an important component in ...")
(:choices '(("set" "destined" "likely"))))
(ht (:id 27)
(:template "[{1}], X will have become ...")
(:choices '(("By 2042" "Within the next ten years"))))
(ht (:id 28)
(:template "X will [{1}] be an issue that ...")
(:choices '(("soon" "shortly" "rapidly" "inevitably"))))))))
(:cat4 (ht (:title "Indicating the gap in knowledge and possible limitations")
(:items (list
(ht (:id 29)
(:template "Few researchers have addressed the [{1}] of ...")
(:choices '(("problem" "issue" "question"))))
(ht (:id 30)
(:template "Previous work has only [{1}] address ...")
(:choices '(("focused on" "been limited to" "failed to"))))
(ht (:id 31)
(:template "A [{1}] issue of ...")
(:choices '(("basic" "common" "fundamental" "crucial" "major"))))
(ht (:id 32)
(:template "The [{1}] problem of")
(:choices '(("central" "core"))))
(ht (:id 33)
(:template "[{1}] area in the field of ...")
(:choices '(("A challenging" "An intriguing" "An important" "A neglected"))))
(ht (:id 34)
(:template "Current solutions to X are [{1}]")
(:choices '(("inconsistent" "inadequate" "incorrect" "ineffective" "inefficient" "over-simplistic" "unsatisfactory"))))
(ht (:id 35)
(:template "Many hypotheses regarding X appear to be [{1}]")
(:choices '(("ill-defined" "unfounded" "not well grounded" "unsupported" "questionable" "disputable" "debatable"))))
(ht (:id 36)
(:template "The characteristics of X [{1}].")
(:choices '(("are not well understood" "are misunderstood" "have not been dealt with in depth"))))
(ht (:id 37)
(:template "It [{1}] whether X can do Y.")
(:choices '(("is not yet known" "has not yet been established"))))
(ht (:id 38)
(:template "X is still [{1}] understood.")
(:choices '(("poorly" "not widely"))))
(ht (:id 39)
(:template "X is often [{1}] ...")
(:choices '(("impractical" "not feasible" "costly"))))
(ht (:id 40)
(:template "Techniques to solve X are [{1}].")
(:choices '(("computationally demanding" "subject to high overheads" "time consuming" "impractical" "frequently unfeasible"))))
(ht (:id 41)
(:template "A major [{1}] of X is ...")
(:choices '(("defect" "difficulty" "drawback" "disadvantage" "flaw"))))
(ht (:id 42)
(:template "One of the main issues in [{1}] X is a lack of ...")
(:choices '(("our knowledge of" "what we know about"))))
(ht (:id 43)
(:template "This [{1}] area of X [{2}] ...")
(:choices '(("particular" "specific") ("has been overlooked" "has been neglected" "remains unclear"))))
(ht (:id 44)
(:template "Despite this interest, no one [{1}] has studied ...")
(:choices '(("to the best of our knowledge" "as far as we know"))))
(ht (:id 45)
(:template "Although this approach is interesting, it [{1}] ...")
(:choices '(("suffers from" "fails to take into account" "does not allow for"))))
(ht (:id 46)
(:template "[{1}] its shortcomings, this method has been widely applied to ...")
(:choices '(("In spite of" "Despite"))))
(ht (:id 47)
(:template "However, there [{1}] ...")
(:choices '(("is still a need for" "has been little discussion on"))))
(ht (:id 48)
(:template "Moreover, other [{1}] have failed to provide ...")
(:choices '(("solutions" "research programs" "approaches"))))
(ht (:id 49)
(:template "Most studies [{1}] focus on ...")
(:choices '(("have only focused" "tended to"))))
(ht (:id 50)
(:template "[{1}] this methodology has only been applied to ...")
(:choices '(("To date" "Until now"))))
(ht (:id 51)
(:template "There is still [{1}] controversy surrounding ...")
(:choices '(("some" "much" "considerable"))))
(ht (:id 52)
(:template "There has been some disagreement [{1}] whether")
(:choices '(("concerning" "regarding" "with regard to"))))
(ht (:id 53)
(:template "There is [{1}] on ...")
(:choices '(("little" "no general agreement"))))
(ht (:id 54)
(:template "The community has raised some [{1}] about ...")
(:choices '(("issues" "concerns"))))
(ht (:id 55)
(:template "Concerns have [{1}] which [{2}] the validity of ...")
(:choices '(("arisen" "been raised") ("question" "call into question"))))
(ht (:id 56)
(:template "In the light of recent events in x, there is now [{1}] concern about ...")
(:choices '(("some" "much" "considerable"))))))))
(:cat5 (ht (:title "Stating the aim of your paper and its contribution")
(:items (list
(ht (:id 57)
(:template "In this [{1}] we ...")
(:choices '(("report" "paper" "review" "study"))))
(ht (:id 58)
(:template "This paper [{1}] a new approach to ...")
(:choices '(("outlines" "proposes" "describes" "presents"))))
(ht (:id 59)
(:template "This paper [{1}] how to solve ...")
(:choices '(("examines" "seeks to address" "focuses on" "discusses" "investigates"))))
(ht (:id 60)
(:template "This paper is [{1}] ...")
(:choices '(("an overview of" "a review of" "a report on" "a preliminary attempt to"))))
(ht (:id 61)
(:template "The present paper aims to [{1}] Marvin’s findings regarding ...")
(:choices '(("validate" "call into question" "refute"))))
(ht (:id 62)
(:template "X is [{1}] in order to ...")
(:choices '(("presented" "described" "analyzed" "computed" "investigated" "examined" "introduced" "discussed"))))
(ht (:id 63)
(:template "The aim of our [{1}] was to [{2}] current knowledge of ...")
(:choices '(("work" "research" "study" "analysis") ("further" "extend" "widen" "broaden"))))
(ht (:id 64)
(:template "Our knowledge of X is largely based on very limited data. The aim of the research was [{1}] to")
(:choices '(("thus" "therefore" "consequently"))))
(ht (:id 65)
(:template "The aim of this study is to [{1}] ...")
(:choices '(("study" "evaluate" "validate" "determine" "examine" "analyze" "calculate" "estimate" "formulate"))))
(ht (:id 66)
(:template "This paper [{1}] ...")
(:choices '(("calls into question" "takes a new look at" "re-examines" "revisits" "sheds new light on"))))
(ht (:id 67)
(:template "[{1}], we tried to ...")
(:choices '(("With this in mind" "Within the framework of these criteria" "In this context"))))
(ht (:id 68)
(:template "We [{1}] to ...")
(:choices '(("undertook this study" "initiated this research" "developed this methodology"))))
(ht (:id 69)
(:template "We believe that we have [{1}] an innovative solution to ...")
(:choices '(("found" "developed" "discovered" "designed"))))
(ht (:id 70)
(:template "We [{1}] solution for ...")
(:choices '(("describe" "present" "consider" "analyze a novel" "simple" "radical" "interesting"))))))))
(:cat6 (ht (:title "Explaining the key terminology in your field")
(:items (list
(ht (:id 71)
(:template "The term ‘X’ [{1}] ...")
(:choices '(("is generally understood to mean" "has come to be used to refer to" "has been applied to"))))
(ht (:id 72)
(:template "In the literature, X [{1}] to refer to ...")
(:choices '(("usually refers" "often refers" "tends to be used"))))
(ht (:id 73)
(:template "In the field of X, [{1}] Y can be found.")
(:choices '(("several" "various" "many definitions of"))))
(ht (:id 74)
(:template "The term X [{1}] used by Marvin [2042] to refer to ...")
(:choices '(("is" "was" "has been"))))
(ht (:id 75)
(:template "Marvin uses the term X [2042] to [{1}] ...")
(:choices '(("refer to" "denominate"))))
(ht (:id 76)
(:template "X is defined by Marvin [1942] [{1}] ...")
(:choices '(("to refer to" "to mean"))))
(ht (:id 77)
(:template "Marvin [2042] has [{1}] a new definition of X, in which ...")
(:choices '(("provided" "put forward" "proposed"))))
(ht (:id 78)
(:template "X is [{1}] as ... [Marvin 2042].")
(:choices '(("defined" "identified" "described"))))
(ht (:id 79)
(:template "In the literature [{1}].")
(:choices '(("there seems to be no general definition of X" "a general definition of X is lacking" "there is no clear definition of X"))))
(ht (:id 80)
(:template "Several authors have attempted to define X, but [{1}] there is still no accepted definition.")
(:choices '(("as yet" "currently" "at the time of writing"))))
(ht (:id 81)
(:template "In [{1}] terms, X is can be defined as a way to ...")
(:choices '(("broad" "general"))))
(ht (:id 82)
(:template "The [{1}] use of the term X refers to ...")
(:choices '(("broad" "general" "generally accepted"))))
(ht (:id 83)
(:template "X is sometimes [{1}] a series of ...")
(:choices '(("equated with" "embodies"))))
(ht (:id 84)
(:template "X, Y and Z are three [{1}] of languages.")
(:choices '(("kinds" "types" "categories" "classes"))))
(ht (:id 85)
(:template "[{1}]: X, Y and Z.")
(:choices '(("There are three kinds of languages" "The three kinds of languages are" "Languages can be divided into three kinds"))))))))
(:cat7 (ht (:title "Explaining how you will use terminology and acronyms in your paper")
(:items (list
(ht (:id 86)
(:template "The acronym X [{1}] ...")
(:choices '(("stands for" "denotes"))))
(ht (:id 87)
(:template "The subjects [{1}] are...")
(:choices '(("henceforth named" "hereafter 'X'"))))
(ht (:id 88)
(:template "The subject, which we shall [{1}] to as 'X', is ...")
(:choices '(("call" "refer"))))
(ht (:id 89)
(:template "Throughout this [{1}] we use the terms ‘mafia’ and ‘the mob’ interchangeably, [{2}] with the practice of this department where this study was conducted.")
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(:template "Southern’s group [5] calls into question some past [{1}] about X.")
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(ht (:id 251)
(:template "It is [{1}] to verify that ...")
(:choices '(("straightforward" "easy" "trivial"))))
(ht (:id 252)
(:template "For [{1}] , we")
(:choices '(("the sake of simplicity" "reasons of space"))))))))
(:cat23 (ht (:title "Explaining why you chose your specific method, model, equipment, sample etc.")
(:items (list
(ht (:id 253)
(:template "[{1}] of X is to do Y. [{2}] ...")
(:choices '(("The aim" "purpose") ("Consequently we" "As a result we" "Therefore we" "We thus"))))
(ht (:id 254)
(:template "This [{1}] was chosen because it is one of the most [{2}] ways to ...")
(:choices '(("method" "model" "system") ("practical" "feasible" "economic" "rapid"))))
(ht (:id 255)
(:template "We chose this particular apparatus [{1}] ...")
(:choices '(("because" "on account of the fact that" "due to" "since"))))
(ht (:id 256)
(:template "It was decided that the best [{1}] for this [{2}] was to ...")
(:choices '(("procedure" "method" "equipment") ("investigation" "study"))))
(ht (:id 257)
(:template "An X approach was [{1}] in order to ...")
(:choices '(("chosen" "selected"))))
(ht (:id 258)
(:template "The design of the X [{1}] ...")
(:choices '(("was based on" "is geared towards"))))
(ht (:id 259)
(:template "We [{1}] a small sample size [{2}]")
(:choices '(("opted for" "chose") ("because" "due to" "on the basis of ..."))))
(ht (:id 260)
(:template "[{1}] X, we were able to ...")
(:choices '(("By having" "By exploiting" "Through the use of"))))
(ht (:id 261)
(:template "Having an X [{1}] do Y.")
(:choices '(("enabled us to" "allowed us to" "meant that we could"))))))))
(:cat24 (ht (:title "Explaining the preparation of samples, solutions etc.")
(:items (list
(ht (:id 262)
(:template "We used [{1}] techniques based on the recommendations of ...")
(:choices '(("reliable" "innovative" "classic" "traditional"))))
(ht (:id 263)
(:template "Xs were prepared [{1}] Jude [2010].")
(:choices '(("as described by" "according to" "following"))))
(ht (:id 264)
(:template "Xs were prepared [{1}]")
(:choices '(("in accordance with" "in compliance with" "as required by...."))))
(ht (:id 265)
(:template "Y was prepared using [{1}] procedure as for X.")
(:choices '(("the same" "a similar"))))
(ht (:id 266)
(:template "All samples were [{1}] checked for ...")
(:choices '(("carefully" "thoroughly"))))
(ht (:id 267)
(:template "X was [{1}] heated")
(:choices '(("gradually" "slowly" "rapidly" "gently"))))
(ht (:id 268)
(:template "The [{1}] solutions contained ...")
(:choices '(("final" "resulting"))))
(ht (:id 269)
(:template "This was done [{1}] a calculator.")
(:choices '(("by means of" "using" "with"))))))))
(:cat25 (ht (:title "Outlining selection procedure for samples, surveys etc.")
(:items (list
(ht (:id 270)
(:template "The [{1}] approach to sample collection is to ...")
(:choices '(("traditional" "classical" "normal" "usual"))))
(ht (:id 271)
(:template "The [{1}] for selecting Xs were:")
(:choices '(("criteria" "reasons"))))
(ht (:id 272)
(:template "The sample was [{1}] on the basis of X and Y.")
(:choices '(("selected" "subdivided"))))
(ht (:id 273)
(:template "The initial sample [{1}] ...")
(:choices '(("consisted of" "was made up" "was composed of"))))
(ht (:id 274)
(:template "[{1}] a [{2}] of the sample were ...")
(:choices '(("Approximately" "Just over" "Slightly under") ("half" "third" "quarter"))))
(ht (:id 275)
(:template "A total of 1234 Xs were recruited for [{1}].")
(:choices '(("this study" "this survey" "for interviews"))))
(ht (:id 276)
(:template "At the beginning of the study, all of the [{1}] were aged ...")
(:choices '(("participants" "subjects" "patients"))))
(ht (:id 277)
(:template "In all cases [{1}] consent was obtained.")
(:choices '(("patients’" "subjects’" "participants’"))))
(ht (:id 278)
(:template "Interviews were [{1}] informally")
(:choices '(("performed" "conducted" "carried out"))))
(ht (:id 279)
(:template "The interviewees were [{1}] into two groups [{2}] of ...")
(:choices '(("divided" "split" "broken down") ("based on" "on the basis"))))))))
(:cat26 (ht (:title "Indicating the time frame (past tenses)")
(:items (list
(ht (:id 280)
(:template "Initial studies were [{1}] using the conditions described")
(:choices '(("made" "performed" "done" "carried out" "executed"))))
(ht (:id 281)
(:template "above [{1}] a period of ...")
(:choices '(("over" "for"))))
(ht (:id 282)
(:template "X was [{1}] during the [{2}] step.")
(:choices '(("collected" "used" "tested" "characterized" "assessed") ("first" "initial"))))
(ht (:id 283)
(:template "[{1}] X, we did Y.")
(:choices '(("Prior to" "Before doing"))))
(ht (:id 284)
(:template "First we [{1}] the value of X [{2}], we [{3}] Y.")
(:choices '(("estimated" "determined") ("then" "subsequently") ("studied" "analyzed" "evaluated"))))
(ht (:id 285)
(:template "[{1}] had been done, we then did Y.")
(:choices '(("Once" "As soon as" "After X"))))
(ht (:id 286)
(:template "The levels were [{1}] set at ...")
(:choices '(("thus" "consequently" "therefore"))))
(ht (:id 287)
(:template "[{1}] X was subjected to Y.")
(:choices '(("After" "Afterwards" "Following this,"))))
(ht (:id 288)
(:template "The [{1}] Xs were then ...")
(:choices '(("resulting" "remaining"))))
(ht (:id 289)
(:template "The experiment was then [{1}] under conditions in which ...")
(:choices '(("repeated" "replicated"))))
(ht (:id 290)
(:template "Finally, [{1}] tests were performed on the ...")
(:choices '(("independent" "separate" "further" "additional"))))))))
(:cat27 (ht (:title "Indicating the time frame in a general process (present tenses)")
(:items (list
(ht (:id 291)
(:template "[{1}] of the process ...")
(:choices '(("In the first step" "During the first phase" "In the initial stage"))))
(ht (:id 292)
(:template "[{1}] X has been done, we can then do Y.")
(:choices '(("Once" "As soon as" "After"))))
(ht (:id 293)
(:template "[{1}] for the next step.")
(:choices '(("This sets the stage" "We are now ready"))))
(ht (:id 294)
(:template "[{1}] X can be ...")
(:choices '(("At this point" "Now"))))
(ht (:id 295)
(:template "[{1}] these steps have been carried out, X ...")
(:choices '(("After" "When" "As soon as"))))
(ht (:id 296)
(:template "[{1}], we are now ready to ...")
(:choices '(("With the completion of these steps" "When these steps have been completed"))))
(ht (:id 297)
(:template "This condition cannot be reached [{1}] X has been ...")
(:choices '(("until" "unless"))))
(ht (:id 298)
(:template "[{1}] X is ready, the final adjustments can be made.")
(:choices '(("When" "As soon as"))))
(ht (:id 299)