Add library to vcpkg

[autoantwort]

According to #742 (comment):
To make it easier to use the library I wanted to bring the lib to vcpkg. While doing so, I noticed some areas that could be improved, mainly by trying to compile with msvc, but that only made the errors visible.

#742: The begin function could return an iterator object depending on your build settings (for example debug msvc, but you can also do this with gcc and clang).

#743: Why using compiler specific extensions when there are standard attributes?

#744: Finish refactoring that you started. Also fixes the msvc build.

#746: Detected while compiling for android.

#747: On the way to msvc support.

#748: Nicer way to define _USE_MATH_DEFINES. The the include order is also not important. (If i include math.h before your header your header is currently broken.)

#749: Use the c++ implementation as fallback, allows msvc support.

#750: No need to rely on bash if there is an cmake builtin for it