[BUG] salt-ssh errors with parallel: true

[dseomn]

Description

#53538 was automatically closed as stale in 2020, but is still an issue. When I asked on Discord, I was told to file a new issue. Info below is from my recent testing to confirm that it's still an issue.

Setup
(Please provide relevant configs and/or SLS files (be sure to remove sensitive info. There is no general set-up of Salt.)

Please be as specific as possible and give set-up details.

• on-prem machine
• VM (Virtualbox, KVM, etc. please specify): libvirt/qemu/kvm, I think
• VM running on a cloud service, please be explicit and add details
• container (Kubernetes, Docker, containerd, etc. please specify)
• or a combination, please be explicit
• jails if it is FreeBSD
• classic packaging
• onedir packaging
• used bootstrap to install

Steps to Reproduce the behavior

$ cat salt/file/parallel_test.sls 
test:
  test.nop:
  - parallel: true
$ salt-ssh [REDACTED] state.apply parallel_test
[REDACTED]:
    ----------
    _error:
        The command resulted in a non-zero exit code
    parsed:
        None
    retcode:
        1
    stderr:
        Process ParallelState(test):
        Traceback (most recent call last):
          File "/usr/lib/python3.11/multiprocessing/process.py", line 314, in _bootstrap
            self.run()
          File "/var/tmp/.dseomn_a639a4_salt/pyall/salt/utils/process.py", line 994, in wrapped_run_func
            return run_func()
                   ^^^^^^^^^^
          File "/usr/lib/python3.11/multiprocessing/process.py", line 108, in run
            self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
          File "/var/tmp/.dseomn_a639a4_salt/pyall/salt/state.py", line 2247, in _call_parallel_target
            troot = os.path.join(instance.opts["cachedir"], instance.jid)
                    ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
          File "<frozen posixpath>", line 90, in join
          File "<frozen genericpath>", line 152, in _check_arg_types
        TypeError: join() argument must be str, bytes, or os.PathLike object, not 'NoneType'
        
        Passed invalid arguments: join() argument must be str, bytes, or os.PathLike object, not 'NoneType'.
        
        Usage:
    stdout:
        Execute a packaged state run, the packaged state run will exist in a
            tarball available locally. This packaged state
            can be generated using salt-ssh.
        
            CLI Example:
        
            .. code-block:: bash
        
                salt '*' state.pkg /tmp/salt_state.tgz 760a9353810e36f6d81416366fc426dc md5

Expected behavior
Ideally, parallel: true should work with salt-ssh. If that's not possible, then at least a clear error message explaining that it's not supported would be nice.

Screenshots
N/A

Versions Report

salt --versions-report

(Provided by running salt --versions-report. Please also mention any differences in master/minion versions.)

Salt Version:
          Salt: 3007.0
 
Python Version:
        Python: 3.10.13 (main, Feb 19 2024, 03:31:20) [GCC 11.2.0]
 
Dependency Versions:
          cffi: 1.16.0
      cherrypy: unknown
      dateutil: 2.8.2
     docker-py: Not Installed
         gitdb: Not Installed
     gitpython: Not Installed
        Jinja2: 3.1.3
       libgit2: Not Installed
  looseversion: 1.3.0
      M2Crypto: Not Installed
          Mako: Not Installed
       msgpack: 1.0.7
  msgpack-pure: Not Installed
  mysql-python: Not Installed
     packaging: 23.1
     pycparser: 2.21
      pycrypto: Not Installed
  pycryptodome: 3.19.1
        pygit2: Not Installed
  python-gnupg: 0.5.2
        PyYAML: 6.0.1
         PyZMQ: 25.1.2
        relenv: 0.15.1
         smmap: Not Installed
       timelib: 0.3.0
       Tornado: 6.3.3
           ZMQ: 4.3.4
 
Salt Package Information:
  Package Type: onedir
 
System Versions:
          dist: debian n/a trixie
        locale: utf-8
       machine: x86_64
       release: 6.7.12-amd64
        system: Linux
       version: Debian GNU/Linux n/a trixie

Additional context

See #53538 for more context and history.