Error when turrning yolo with device=0: RuntimeError: device >= 0 && device < num_gpus INTERNAL ASSERT FAILED

[tjasmin111]

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• I have searched the YOLOv8 issues and discussions and found no similar questions.

Question

When I'm trying to use PyTorch with YOLOv8 with yolo detect predict ... device=0, I'm getting this error:

RuntimeError: device >= 0 && device < num_gpus INTERNAL ASSERT FAILED at "../aten/src/ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.cpp":50, please report a bug to PyTorch. device=, num_gpus=

But outputs of PyTorch usage and GPU availability as shown below looks good though.

What is the problem? How to fix it?

Some pytorch outputs:

Python 3.9.7 | packaged by conda-forge | (default, Sep  2 2021, 17:58:34) 
[GCC 9.4.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import torch
>>> torch.zeros(2).cuda(0)
tensor([0., 0.], device='cuda:0')
>>> print(torch.__version__)
2.3.0+cu118
>>> print(f"Is CUDA available?: {torch.cuda.is_available()}")
Is CUDA available?: True
>>> print(f"Number of CUDA devices: {torch.cuda.device_count()}")
Number of CUDA devices: 3
>>> device = torch.device('cuda')
>>> print(f"A torch tensor: {torch.rand(5).to(device)}")
A torch tensor: tensor([0.6085, 0.7618, 0.6855, 0.5276, 0.1606], device='cuda:0')

Full stack trace:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/conda/lib/python3.9/site-packages/torch/cuda/__init__.py", line 306, in _lazy_init
    queued_call()
  File "/home/conda/lib/python3.9/site-packages/torch/cuda/__init__.py", line 174, in _check_capability
    capability = get_device_capability(d)
  File "/home/conda/lib/python3.9/site-packages/torch/cuda/__init__.py", line 430, in get_device_capability
    prop = get_device_properties(device)
  File "/home/conda/lib/python3.9/site-packages/torch/cuda/__init__.py", line 448, in get_device_properties
    return _get_device_properties(device)  # type: ignore[name-defined]
RuntimeError: device >= 0 && device < num_gpus INTERNAL ASSERT FAILED at "../aten/src/ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.cpp":50, please report a bug to PyTorch. device=, num_gpus=

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/conda/bin/yolo", line 8, in <module>
    sys.exit(entrypoint())
  File "/home/conda/lib/python3.9/site-packages/ultralytics/cfg/__init__.py", line 583, in entrypoint
    getattr(model, mode)(**overrides)  # default args from model
  File "/home/conda/lib/python3.9/site-packages/ultralytics/engine/model.py", line 528, in val
    validator(model=self.model)
  File "/home/conda/lib/python3.9/site-packages/torch/utils/_contextlib.py", line 115, in decorate_context
    return func(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/home/conda/lib/python3.9/site-packages/ultralytics/engine/validator.py", line 126, in __call__
    device=select_device(self.args.device, self.args.batch),
  File "/home/conda/lib/python3.9/site-packages/ultralytics/utils/torch_utils.py", line 156, in select_device
    p = torch.cuda.get_device_properties(i)
  File "/home/conda/lib/python3.9/site-packages/torch/cuda/__init__.py", line 444, in get_device_properties
    _lazy_init()  # will define _get_device_properties
  File "/home/conda/lib/python3.9/site-packages/torch/cuda/__init__.py", line 312, in _lazy_init
    raise DeferredCudaCallError(msg) from e
torch.cuda.DeferredCudaCallError: CUDA call failed lazily at initialization with error: device >= 0 && device < num_gpus INTERNAL ASSERT FAILED at "../aten/src/ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.cpp":50, please report a bug to PyTorch. device=, num_gpus=

CUDA call was originally invoked at:

  File "/home/conda/bin/yolo", line 5, in <module>
    from ultralytics.cfg import entrypoint
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1007, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 972, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 228, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1007, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 986, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 680, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 850, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 228, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "/home/conda/lib/python3.9/site-packages/ultralytics/__init__.py", line 5, in <module>
    from ultralytics.data.explorer.explorer import Explorer
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1007, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 972, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 228, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1007, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 972, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 228, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1007, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 986, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 680, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 850, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 228, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "/home/conda/lib/python3.9/site-packages/ultralytics/data/__init__.py", line 3, in <module>
    from .base import BaseDataset
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1007, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 986, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 680, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 850, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 228, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "/home/conda/lib/python3.9/site-packages/ultralytics/data/base.py", line 15, in <module>
    from torch.utils.data import Dataset
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1007, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 972, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 228, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1007, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 972, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 228, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1007, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 986, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 680, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 850, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 228, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "/home/conda/lib/python3.9/site-packages/torch/__init__.py", line 1478, in <module>
    _C._initExtension(manager_path())
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1007, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 986, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 680, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 850, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 228, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "/home/conda/lib/python3.9/site-packages/torch/cuda/__init__.py", line 238, in <module>
    _lazy_call(_check_capability)
  File "/home/conda/lib/python3.9/site-packages/torch/cuda/__init__.py", line 235, in _lazy_call
    _queued_calls.append((callable, traceback.format_stack()))

Additional

No response

[glenn-jocher]

Hello! Thanks for reaching out with the comprehensive details. It seems like a PyTorch-specific issue concerning GPU initialization when running the YOLOv8 model.

As a quick workaround, you might want to try explicitly setting the CUDA-visible devices before launching your script to ensure it’s detecting the right GPU index. Here's how you can set it via the command line:

export CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0
yolo detect predict model=yolov8n.pt source='your_image_or_video.jpg' device=0

This environment variable tells PyTorch to use only the specified GPU. Adjust the CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES index based on your environment (0 for the first GPU, 1 for the second, etc.).

If the error persists, make sure all your packages are up-to-date, especially torch and cuda, as sometimes mismatches can cause such issues. A reinstall or update may help:

pip install torch torchvision --upgrade

Please let us know if this helps or if you need further assistance! 😊