Implement rotated_search and iterative exponential binary search functions

[AllamF5J]

This pull request adds two new features to the project:

1 - Implement rotated_search function:
Introduces a new function rotated_search in rotated_search.c for efficiently searching in rotated sorted arrays.
The function is implemented following the algorithm described in the GeeksforGeeks article linked in the file header.
Self-test cases are included to validate the correctness of the implementation.
2 - Implement iterative exponential binary search following C standard:
Adds an implementation of iterative exponential binary search in a separate commit.
The implementation adheres to the C standard and provides efficient searching capabilities.
Each commit is structured following the commit guidelines provided.