Add thermocouple type, autoconversion, averaging, and has_fault to max31856

[fhriley]

What does this implement/fix?

It adds thermocouple type, autoconversion, averaging, and has_fault to the max31856 sensor while maintaining backwards compatibility with polling mode if the data_ready_pin is not specified.

Types of changes

• Bugfix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
• Other

Pull request in esphome-docs with documentation (if applicable): esphome/esphome-docs#3803

Test Environment

• ESP32
• ESP32 IDF
• ESP8266
• RP2040
• BK72xx
• RTL87xx

Example entry for config.yaml:

sensor:
  - platform: max31856
    id: temperature_1
    name: "Temperature 1"
    has_fault:
      name: Temperature 1 Fault
    cs_pin: GPIO12
    data_ready_pin: GPIO13
    type: K
    samples_per_value: 16
  - platform: max31856
    id: temperature_2
    name: "Temperature 2"
    cs_pin: GPIO33
    type: T
    samples_per_value: 2

Checklist:

• The code change is tested and works locally.
• Tests have been added to verify that the new code works (under tests/ folder).

If user exposed functionality or configuration variables are added/changed:

• Documentation added/updated in esphome-docs.

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 54.05%. Comparing base (4d8b5ed) to head (6642660).
Report is 499 commits behind head on dev.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##              dev    #6659      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   53.70%   54.05%   +0.34%     
==========================================
  Files          50       50              
  Lines        9408     9554     +146     
  Branches     1654     1687      +33     
==========================================
+ Hits         5053     5164     +111     
- Misses       4056     4066      +10     
- Partials      299      324      +25     

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[jesserockz]

Please add tests for the new configurations

[jesserockz]

Why did you change this? These should be LOGCONFIG

[jesserockz]

This should extend cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA instead then

[jesserockz]

Sensors should not have binary sensors as children configuration. They should be in their own binary_sensor.py file which can link back to the parent.

[jesserockz]

This is still setting the default update interval to 60s. You can use regular Exclusive and a custom overall validation to add default values for this.

Then, this component should no longer inherit from PollingComponent, but set its own update interval in setup if the time is set but the pin is not.

There are other components that set their own update interval you can reference (I cannot remember them though)

[esphome]

Please take a look at the requested changes, and use the Ready for review button when you are done, thanks 👍

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[fhriley]

I've already spent too much time on this, and I don't have time to go searching the codebase to figure out how to make a bunch of changes here, unfortunately. You can close this, and I'll just use it from my own repo.