[github] Upgrade to actions/[upload,download]-artifact v4

[jesserockz]

What does this implement/fix?

The v4 releases of these actions changed the artifacts to be immutable so this new set-up works.

Tested in a separate repo with the following workflow

name: Test

on:
  pull_request:

permissions:
  contents: read

jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
        platform:
          - amd64
          - armv7
          - arm64
    steps:
      - run: mkdir -p /tmp/digests/{ghcr,dockerhub}/{docker,hassio,lint}
      - run: touch /tmp/digests/ghcr/docker/${{ matrix.platform }}
      - run: touch /tmp/digests/dockerhub/docker/${{ matrix.platform }}
      - run: touch /tmp/digests/ghcr/hassio/${{ matrix.platform }}
      - run: touch /tmp/digests/dockerhub/hassio/${{ matrix.platform }}
      - run: touch /tmp/digests/ghcr/lint/${{ matrix.platform }}
      - run: touch /tmp/digests/dockerhub/lint/${{ matrix.platform }}

      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4.3.3
        with:
          name: digests-${{ matrix.platform }}
          path: /tmp/digests

  manifest:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    needs: build
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
        image:
          - title: "ha-addon"
            target: "hassio"
            suffix: "hassio"
          - title: "docker"
            target: "docker"
            suffix: ""
          - title: "lint"
            target: "lint"
            suffix: "lint"
        registry:
          - ghcr
          - dockerhub

    steps:
      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4.1.7
        with:
          pattern: digests-*
          path: /tmp/digests
          merge-multiple: true

      - working-directory: /tmp/digests
        run: |-
          tree

Which yielded the following output:

> Run tree
.
├── dockerhub
│   ├── docker
│   │   ├── amd64
│   │   ├── arm64
│   │   └── armv7
│   ├── hassio
│   │   ├── amd64
│   │   ├── arm64
│   │   └── armv7
│   └── lint
│       ├── amd64
│       ├── arm64
│       └── armv7
└── ghcr
    ├── docker
    │   ├── amd64
    │   ├── arm64
    │   └── armv7
    ├── hassio
    │   ├── amd64
    │   ├── arm64
    │   └── armv7
    └── lint
        ├── amd64
        ├── arm64
        └── armv7

Closes #6603 and closes #6626

Types of changes

• Bugfix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
• Other

Related issue or feature (if applicable): fixes

Pull request in esphome-docs with documentation (if applicable): esphome/esphome-docs#

Test Environment

• ESP32
• ESP32 IDF
• ESP8266
• RP2040
• BK72xx
• RTL87xx

Example entry for config.yaml:

# Example config.yaml

Checklist:

• The code change is tested and works locally.
• Tests have been added to verify that the new code works (under tests/ folder).

If user exposed functionality or configuration variables are added/changed:

• Documentation added/updated in esphome-docs.