std.net: use send/recv for streams, support vectorized io on windows

The primary goal of this change is to use `send` and `recv` for network
streams, this also enables passing per-message flags like `MSG_NOSIGNAL`
instead of installing a SIGPIPE handler.

- Alongside using recv and send, windows now uses WSARecvFrom and WSASendTo
  for readv and writev. This enables vectorized network I/O on windows.

Introduces a mostly platform agnostic iovec as `std.net.iovec` and
`std.net.iovec_const`. This provides a singular interface to vectorized
network I/O on windows and posix.

- The only problem this introduces is windows using `u32` for lengths
  and posix using `usize`. This requires any code currently using `usize`
  to `@intCast` into the length field.

- As part of this change, `std.posix.iovec` and `std.windows.ws2_32.WSABUF`
  now use `.ptr` and `.len` instead of their posix/windows specific names.

Removes std.os.windows.ws2_32.WSARecvMsg, as it is not present in ws2_32.dll
and must be fetched via WSAIoctl.

- The `sendto` and `recvfrom` wrappers around `WSASendTo` and `WSARecvFrom`
  have been removed from `std.os.windows`. These functions are already
  provided by `ws2_32` and are not needed.

A os-agnostic IoVec struct (re #7699) would likely be more convienent to
use, but I could not design an interface that both works well and is
reasonable to interact with.

A potential problem this PR introduces is passing `WSABUF_const` to
`WSASendTo` and `WSASend` is that this type doesn't actually exist in
windows. Windows makes no guarantees that the buffers will not be modified.

This enables the "general client/server API coverage" test on windows.
The comment on the skip claims that the test was never passing, however
during my tests the test passed 100% of the time.

lib/compiler/objcopy.zig

@@ -1285,7 +1285,7 @@ const ElfFileHelper = struct {
         for (consolidated.items) |cmd| {
             switch (cmd) {
                 .write_data => |data| {
-                    var iovec = [_]std.posix.iovec_const{.{ .iov_base = data.data.ptr, .iov_len = data.data.len }};
+                    var iovec = [_]std.posix.iovec_const{.{ .ptr = data.data.ptr, .len = data.data.len }};
                     try out_file.pwritevAll(&iovec, data.out_offset);
                 },
                 .copy_range => |range| {

lib/std/crypto/tls/Client.zig

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ pub const StreamInterface = struct {
     /// The `iovecs` parameter is mutable because so that function may to
     /// mutate the fields in order to handle partial reads from the underlying
     /// stream layer.
-    pub fn readv(this: @This(), iovecs: []std.posix.iovec) ReadError!usize {
+    pub fn readv(this: @This(), iovecs: []std.net.iovec) ReadError!usize {
         _ = .{ this, iovecs };
         @panic("unimplemented");
     }
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ pub const StreamInterface = struct {
 
     /// Returns the number of bytes read, which may be less than the buffer
     /// space provided. A short read does not indicate end-of-stream.
-    pub fn writev(this: @This(), iovecs: []const std.posix.iovec_const) WriteError!usize {
+    pub fn writev(this: @This(), iovecs: []const std.net.iovec_const) WriteError!usize {
         _ = .{ this, iovecs };
         @panic("unimplemented");
     }
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ pub const StreamInterface = struct {
     /// space provided, indicating end-of-stream.
     /// The `iovecs` parameter is mutable in case this function needs to mutate
     /// the fields in order to handle partial writes from the underlying layer.
-    pub fn writevAll(this: @This(), iovecs: []std.posix.iovec_const) WriteError!usize {
+    pub fn writevAll(this: @This(), iovecs: []std.net.iovec_const) WriteError!usize {
         // This can be implemented in terms of writev, or specialized if desired.
         _ = .{ this, iovecs };
         @panic("unimplemented");
@@ -215,14 +215,14 @@ pub fn init(stream: anytype, ca_bundle: Certificate.Bundle, host: []const u8) In
     } ++ int2(@intCast(out_handshake.len + host_len)) ++ out_handshake;
 
     {
-        var iovecs = [_]std.posix.iovec_const{
+        var iovecs = [_]std.net.iovec_const{
             .{
-                .iov_base = &plaintext_header,
-                .iov_len = plaintext_header.len,
+                .ptr = &plaintext_header,
+                .len = plaintext_header.len,
             },
             .{
-                .iov_base = host.ptr,
-                .iov_len = host.len,
+                .ptr = host.ptr,
+                .len = @intCast(host.len),
             },
         };
         try stream.writevAll(&iovecs);
@@ -677,9 +677,9 @@ pub fn init(stream: anytype, ca_bundle: Certificate.Bundle, host: []const u8) In
                                     P.AEAD.encrypt(ciphertext, auth_tag, &out_cleartext, ad, nonce, p.client_handshake_key);
 
                                     const both_msgs = client_change_cipher_spec_msg ++ finished_msg;
-                                    var both_msgs_vec = [_]std.posix.iovec_const{.{
-                                        .iov_base = &both_msgs,
-                                        .iov_len = both_msgs.len,
+                                    var both_msgs_vec = [_]std.net.iovec_const{.{
+                                        .ptr = &both_msgs,
+                                        .len = both_msgs.len,
                                     }};
                                     try stream.writevAll(&both_msgs_vec);
 
@@ -755,7 +755,7 @@ pub fn writeAllEnd(c: *Client, stream: anytype, bytes: []const u8, end: bool) !v
 /// TLS session, or a truncation attack.
 pub fn writeEnd(c: *Client, stream: anytype, bytes: []const u8, end: bool) !usize {
     var ciphertext_buf: [tls.max_ciphertext_record_len * 4]u8 = undefined;
-    var iovecs_buf: [6]std.posix.iovec_const = undefined;
+    var iovecs_buf: [6]std.net.iovec_const = undefined;
     var prepared = prepareCiphertextRecord(c, &iovecs_buf, &ciphertext_buf, bytes, .application_data);
     if (end) {
         prepared.iovec_end += prepareCiphertextRecord(
@@ -776,8 +776,8 @@ pub fn writeEnd(c: *Client, stream: anytype, bytes: []const u8, end: bool) !usiz
     var total_amt: usize = 0;
     while (true) {
         var amt = try stream.writev(iovecs_buf[i..iovec_end]);
-        while (amt >= iovecs_buf[i].iov_len) {
-            const encrypted_amt = iovecs_buf[i].iov_len;
+        while (amt >= iovecs_buf[i].len) {
+            const encrypted_amt = iovecs_buf[i].len;
             total_amt += encrypted_amt - overhead_len;
             amt -= encrypted_amt;
             i += 1;
@@ -789,14 +789,14 @@ pub fn writeEnd(c: *Client, stream: anytype, bytes: []const u8, end: bool) !usiz
             // not sent; otherwise the caller would not know to retry the call.
             if (amt == 0 and (!end or i < iovec_end - 1)) return total_amt;
         }
-        iovecs_buf[i].iov_base += amt;
-        iovecs_buf[i].iov_len -= amt;
+        iovecs_buf[i].ptr += amt;
+        iovecs_buf[i].len -= @intCast(amt);
     }
 }
 
 fn prepareCiphertextRecord(
     c: *Client,
-    iovecs: []std.posix.iovec_const,
+    iovecs: []std.net.iovec_const,
     ciphertext_buf: []u8,
     bytes: []const u8,
     inner_content_type: tls.ContentType,
@@ -864,8 +864,8 @@ fn prepareCiphertextRecord(
 
                 const record = ciphertext_buf[record_start..ciphertext_end];
                 iovecs[iovec_end] = .{
-                    .iov_base = record.ptr,
-                    .iov_len = record.len,
+                    .ptr = record.ptr,
+                    .len = @intCast(record.len),
                 };
                 iovec_end += 1;
             }
@@ -885,7 +885,7 @@ pub fn eof(c: Client) bool {
 /// If the number read is less than `len` it means the stream reached the end.
 /// Reaching the end of the stream is not an error condition.
 pub fn readAtLeast(c: *Client, stream: anytype, buffer: []u8, len: usize) !usize {
-    var iovecs = [1]std.posix.iovec{.{ .iov_base = buffer.ptr, .iov_len = buffer.len }};
+    var iovecs = [1]std.net.iovec{.{ .ptr = buffer.ptr, .len = @intCast(buffer.len) }};
     return readvAtLeast(c, stream, &iovecs, len);
 }
 
@@ -908,7 +908,7 @@ pub fn readAll(c: *Client, stream: anytype, buffer: []u8) !usize {
 /// stream is not an error condition.
 /// The `iovecs` parameter is mutable because this function needs to mutate the fields in
 /// order to handle partial reads from the underlying stream layer.
-pub fn readv(c: *Client, stream: anytype, iovecs: []std.posix.iovec) !usize {
+pub fn readv(c: *Client, stream: anytype, iovecs: []std.net.iovec) !usize {
     return readvAtLeast(c, stream, iovecs, 1);
 }
 
@@ -919,7 +919,7 @@ pub fn readv(c: *Client, stream: anytype, iovecs: []std.posix.iovec) !usize {
 /// Reaching the end of the stream is not an error condition.
 /// The `iovecs` parameter is mutable because this function needs to mutate the fields in
 /// order to handle partial reads from the underlying stream layer.
-pub fn readvAtLeast(c: *Client, stream: anytype, iovecs: []std.posix.iovec, len: usize) !usize {
+pub fn readvAtLeast(c: *Client, stream: anytype, iovecs: []std.net.iovec, len: usize) !usize {
     if (c.eof()) return 0;
 
     var off_i: usize = 0;
@@ -928,12 +928,12 @@ pub fn readvAtLeast(c: *Client, stream: anytype, iovecs: []std.posix.iovec, len:
         var amt = try c.readvAdvanced(stream, iovecs[vec_i..]);
         off_i += amt;
         if (c.eof() or off_i >= len) return off_i;
-        while (amt >= iovecs[vec_i].iov_len) {
-            amt -= iovecs[vec_i].iov_len;
+        while (amt >= iovecs[vec_i].len) {
+            amt -= iovecs[vec_i].len;
             vec_i += 1;
         }
-        iovecs[vec_i].iov_base += amt;
-        iovecs[vec_i].iov_len -= amt;
+        iovecs[vec_i].ptr += amt;
+        iovecs[vec_i].len -= @intCast(amt);
     }
 }
 
@@ -945,7 +945,7 @@ pub fn readvAtLeast(c: *Client, stream: anytype, iovecs: []std.posix.iovec, len:
 /// function asserts that `eof()` is `false`.
 /// See `readv` for a higher level function that has the same, familiar API as
 /// other read functions, such as `std.fs.File.read`.
-pub fn readvAdvanced(c: *Client, stream: anytype, iovecs: []const std.posix.iovec) !usize {
+pub fn readvAdvanced(c: *Client, stream: anytype, iovecs: []const std.net.iovec) !usize {
     var vp: VecPut = .{ .iovecs = iovecs };
 
     // Give away the buffered cleartext we have, if any.
@@ -998,14 +998,14 @@ pub fn readvAdvanced(c: *Client, stream: anytype, iovecs: []const std.posix.iove
     c.partial_cleartext_idx = 0;
     const first_iov = c.partially_read_buffer[c.partial_ciphertext_end..];
 
-    var ask_iovecs_buf: [2]std.posix.iovec = .{
+    var ask_iovecs_buf: [2]std.net.iovec = .{
         .{
-            .iov_base = first_iov.ptr,
-            .iov_len = first_iov.len,
+            .ptr = first_iov.ptr,
+            .len = @intCast(first_iov.len),
         },
         .{
-            .iov_base = &in_stack_buffer,
-            .iov_len = in_stack_buffer.len,
+            .ptr = &in_stack_buffer,
+            .len = in_stack_buffer.len,
         },
     };
 
@@ -1352,7 +1352,7 @@ fn SchemeEddsa(comptime scheme: tls.SignatureScheme) type {
 
 /// Abstraction for sending multiple byte buffers to a slice of iovecs.
 const VecPut = struct {
-    iovecs: []const std.posix.iovec,
+    iovecs: []const std.net.iovec,
     idx: usize = 0,
     off: usize = 0,
     total: usize = 0,
@@ -1364,12 +1364,12 @@ const VecPut = struct {
         var bytes_i: usize = 0;
         while (true) {
             const v = vp.iovecs[vp.idx];
-            const dest = v.iov_base[vp.off..v.iov_len];
+            const dest = v.ptr[vp.off..v.len];
             const src = bytes[bytes_i..][0..@min(dest.len, bytes.len - bytes_i)];
             @memcpy(dest[0..src.len], src);
             bytes_i += src.len;
             vp.off += src.len;
-            if (vp.off >= v.iov_len) {
+            if (vp.off >= v.len) {
                 vp.off = 0;
                 vp.idx += 1;
                 if (vp.idx >= vp.iovecs.len) {
@@ -1388,15 +1388,15 @@ const VecPut = struct {
     fn peek(vp: VecPut) []u8 {
         if (vp.idx >= vp.iovecs.len) return &.{};
         const v = vp.iovecs[vp.idx];
-        return v.iov_base[vp.off..v.iov_len];
+        return v.ptr[vp.off..v.len];
     }
 
     // After writing to the result of peek(), one can call next() to
     // advance the cursor.
     fn next(vp: *VecPut, len: usize) void {
         vp.total += len;
         vp.off += len;
-        if (vp.off >= vp.iovecs[vp.idx].iov_len) {
+        if (vp.off >= vp.iovecs[vp.idx].len) {
             vp.off = 0;
             vp.idx += 1;
         }
@@ -1405,22 +1405,22 @@ const VecPut = struct {
     fn freeSize(vp: VecPut) usize {
         if (vp.idx >= vp.iovecs.len) return 0;
         var total: usize = 0;
-        total += vp.iovecs[vp.idx].iov_len - vp.off;
+        total += vp.iovecs[vp.idx].len - vp.off;
         if (vp.idx + 1 >= vp.iovecs.len) return total;
-        for (vp.iovecs[vp.idx + 1 ..]) |v| total += v.iov_len;
+        for (vp.iovecs[vp.idx + 1 ..]) |v| total += v.len;
         return total;
     }
 };
 
 /// Limit iovecs to a specific byte size.
-fn limitVecs(iovecs: []std.posix.iovec, len: usize) []std.posix.iovec {
-    var bytes_left: usize = len;
+fn limitVecs(iovecs: []std.net.iovec, len: usize) []std.net.iovec {
+    var bytes_left: u32 = @intCast(len);
     for (iovecs, 0..) |*iovec, vec_i| {
-        if (bytes_left <= iovec.iov_len) {
-            iovec.iov_len = bytes_left;
+        if (bytes_left <= iovec.len) {
+            iovec.len = bytes_left;
             return iovecs[0 .. vec_i + 1];
         }
-        bytes_left -= iovec.iov_len;
+        bytes_left -= iovec.len;
     }
     return iovecs;
 }